How to Write Introduction - Public Health Voice

Enter your email address:

1. Which sequence best represents the "funnel structure" of an Introduction?

a) Hypothesis → Literature gap → Broad context → Objectives b) Broad context → Literature gap → Rationale → Objectives c) Methods → Results → Discussion → Conclusion d) Objectives → Rationale → Broad context → Hypothesis

2. A strong Introduction avoids:

a) Citations from WHO reports b) Over-citing textbook definitions c) Defining the study’s objective d) Synthesizing prior research

3. Which statement best identifies a research gap?

a) "Diabetes affects 10% of adults globally." b) "Previous studies focused on urban settings, but rural data is lacking." c) "We conducted a randomized controlled trial." d) "HbA1c is a marker for glycemic control."

4. The primary purpose of the rationale is to:

a) List all prior studies on the topic b) Explain why the study is necessary despite existing research c) Describe the statistical methods used d) Summarize the results of the study

5. Which rationale is MOST compelling?

a) "No studies exist on this topic." b) "Prior trials excluded elderly patients, who represent 30% of cases." c) "This study uses advanced technology." d) "We aimed to publish in a high-impact journal."

6. A rationale should NOT include:

a) Citations supporting the gap b) Hypothetical future applications c) Clinical or policy implications d) Anecdotal evidence from the author

7. A well-written objective is:

a) "To explore the relationship between diet and health." b) "To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on birth weight in Nepali women." c) "To prove that our method is better." d) "To collect data from 100 patients."

8. Which objective is too vague?

a) "To compare telemedicine vs. in-person consultations for diabetes management." b) "To analyze the genetic factors of COVID-19 susceptibility." c) "To investigate the role of nurses." d) "To evaluate a community-based intervention’s cost-effectiveness."

9. Objectives should align with:

a) The journal’s impact factor b) The literature gap and rationale c) The author’s personal interests d) The length of the manuscript

10. Which Introduction paragraph structure is correct?

a) I → II → III b) III → I → II c) II → III → I d) I → III → II

I. "Hypertension affects 1.3 billion people (WHO, 2023)."
II. "No studies have evaluated low-cost interventions in Nepal."
III. "We tested a community health worker-led program."

11. Which is a common mistake in stating objectives?

a) Using measurable outcomes b) Including secondary hypotheses c) Failing to address the identified gap d) Aligning with the rationale

12. A study aims to "explore barriers to maternal healthcare in rural Nepal." What is missing?

a) Specific population or context b) Citations c) A hypothesis d) Statistical methods

13. Which hypothesis aligns with this gap: "Prior trials excluded adolescents"?

a) "Adolescents have higher treatment adherence." b) "We hypothesize adolescents will show poorer outcomes due to hormonal changes." c) "Adolescents are underrepresented in research." d) "Our study will include 100 participants."

14. A study’s significance section should emphasize:

a) The number of citations it might receive b) How it addresses policy, practice, or knowledge gaps c) The author’s previous publications d) Technical laboratory methods

15. Which Introduction line is a "hook"?

a) "Our study used a cross-sectional design." b) "Diabetes causes 1.5 million deaths annually (WHO, 2023)." c) "Data was analyzed using SPSS." d) "We recruited 200 participants."

16. What is wrong with this objective: "To prove telemedicine is better"?

a) It is not measurable b) It is biased and unscientific c) It lacks a population focus d) All of the above

17. Which statement belongs in the rationale?

a) "We used a randomized controlled trial design." b) "Rural clinics lack specialists, necessitating task-shifting to nurses." c) "Data collection lasted 6 months." d) "P < 0.05 was considered significant."

18. A study states: "This is the first research on this topic." Why is this risky?

a) It may overlook non-English studies b) It strengthens the rationale c) It is always true d) It is a best practice

19. Which Introduction line represents "narrowing down"?

a) "Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally." b) "Limited data exists on post-surgical outcomes in low-income settings." c) "We aimed to evaluate a nurse-led follow-up protocol." d) "A retrospective cohort study was conducted."

20. Which citation usage is appropriate in an Introduction?

a) Citing 20 papers to list all prior work b) Citing 3 landmark studies to justify the gap c) Omitting citations to avoid bias d) Citing only the author’s previous work

Session End Assessment on Introduction Section